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Biomedical devices

Current technology

In the realm of biomedical devices, particularly pacemakers, electrodes are crucial for effective and reliable cardiac muscle stimulation. Currently, platinum is predominantly used in the manufacturing of these electrodes due to its biocompatibility and electrical conductivity. However, advances in materials science are exploring alternatives that could enhance performance and longevity.

Market

The market for biomedical devices, especially pacemakers, is expected to grow significantly. This growth can be attributed to several factors:

  • Ageing population: An increase in the elderly population who are more prone to heart diseases.
  • Rising incidence of cardiac disorders: A growing prevalence of conditions requiring pacemaker implantation, including arrhythmia.
  • Technological advances: Innovations in device design and functionality, such as leadless pacemakers and self-powered systems.

Challenges of current technology

Despite their advantages, platinum electrodes are not perfect due to several factors including cost, and the fact that some patients may experience allergic reactions to platinum, leading to complications. There is therefore the need to find another metal for electrodes.

Positive impact of palladium

Palladium and platinum have similar properties, but given palladium’s lower density, less of the metal is required, meaning that cost is reduced without sacrificing on effectiveness.

To find out more about the physical and chemical qualities of palladium, see – Chemistry.

To find out more about biomedical applications of palladium, see the following scientific publications:

  1. Kim, E., Kim, S., Kwon, Y. W., Seo, H., Kim, M., Chung, W. G., … & Park, J. U. (2023). Electrical stimulation for therapeutic approach. Interdisciplinary Medicine, 1(2), e20230003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/INMD.20230003
  2. Rav Acha, M., Soifer, E., & Hasin, T. (2020). Cardiac implantable electronic miniaturized and micro devices. Micromachines, 11(10), 902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11100902
  3. Long, Y., Li, J., Yang, F., Wang, J., & Wang, X. (2021). Wearable and implantable electroceuticals for therapeutic electrostimulations. Advanced science, 8(8), 2004023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202004023
  4. Woodward, B. K. (2014). Platinum group metals (PGMs) for permanent implantable electronic devices. In Precious Metals for Biomedical Applications (pp. 130-147). Woodhead Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857099051.2.130